Effect of Activated Charcoal Toothpaste on Color Stability of Bleached Teeth Immersed in Different Drinks
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of activated charcoal toothpaste on the color stability of teeth subjected to tooth bleaching and pigmenting agents. A total of 120 bovine crowns were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10) according to two study factors: staining solutions (three levels): saliva (control), coffee, and red wine; and toothpaste (four levels): BPC, Bianco Pro Clinical (Bianco Oral Care) (Control); BIW, Black is White (Curaprox); BCA, Bianco Carbon (Bianco Oral Care); and NAT, Natural Suavetex (Suavetex). The samples were subjected to office bleaching with a 35% hydrogen peroxide-based gel (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM), followed by immersion in the solution for 45 minutes per day and daily toothbrushing for 7 days. The color (ΔE) and luminosity changes (ΔL*) were measured using reflectance spectroscopy (Vita EasyShade). The CIE values (L*, a*, b*) were measured at baseline after bleaching (T0) and immediately after immersion in solution each day (Ti1–Ti7) and after all toothbrushing cycles (Tb1–Tb7). ΔE and ΔL were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). The clinically unacceptable level of ΔE > 3.3 was used to evaluate the color change. The color change was significantly influenced by the staining solutions and toothpastes (p<0.001). The color change (ΔE) was significantly higher when immersed in wine than in coffee, and lower ΔE values were observed for artificial saliva (control), irrespective of the toothpaste used. In artificial saliva, BPC, BIW, and BCA resulted in significantly lower ΔE values than NAT, which presented a clinically unacceptable level of dental color change (ΔE>3.3). Coffee resulted in a lower (L*) reduction than wine, irrespective of the toothpaste used. Charcoal toothpastes resulted in a color change on the surface of the tooth enamel (ΔE). The bleaching effect of the charcoal toothpastes and control evaluated in this study partially reduced the color changes on the surface of the tooth enamel caused by staining solutions but was unable to reestablish the measured values to the baseline. For teeth immersed in artificial saliva, the color change was not noticeable in BCA, BIW, and control-BPC (ΔE≥3.3), except for NAT, which showed a significant color change.SUMMARY
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Schematic representation of the experimental protocol of staining and toothbrushing. The specimens were subjected to bleaching in two sessions, with a one-week interval and color measurement was obtained at baseline. Immersion and daily color measurement in different solutions: artificial saliva as a control, coffee and wine for 45 minutes per day for 7 days. Toothbrushing and daily color measurement in different toothpastes: BPC, Bianco Pro Clinical as a control group and three charcoal toothpastes: BIW, Black is White; BCA, Bianco Carbon; and NAT, Natural Suavetex Carvão Ativado.
Means and standard deviations of color change (ΔE) of T0 (baseline, after bleaching) to T7 (after 7 days of staining and toothbrushing). BPC, Bianco Pro Clinical (Bianco Oral Care) as the control group; BIW, Black is White (Curaprox); BCA, Bianco Carbon (Bianco Oral Care); NAT, Natural Suavetex Carvão Ativado (Suavetex). Red dotted line (ΔE≥3.3) indicates a clinically unacceptable color change limit. Different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05); uppercase letters are used for comparing staining solutions; lowercase letters are used for comparing toothpastes.
Means and standard deviations of luminosity change (ΔL*) of T0 (baseline, after bleaching) to T7 (after 7 days of staining and toothbrushing). BPC, Bianco Pro Clinical (Bianco Oral Care) as the control group; BIW, Black is White (Curaprox); BCA, Bianco Carbon (Bianco Oral Care); NAT, Natural Suavetex Carvão Ativado (Suavetex). Different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05); uppercase letters are used for comparing staining solutions; lowercase letters are used for comparing toothpastes.
Means and standard deviations of yellow/blue axis color change (Δb*) of T0 (baseline, after bleaching) to T7 (after 7 days of staining and toothbrushing). BPC, Bianco Pro Clinical (Bianco Oral Care) as the control group; BIW, Black is White (Curaprox); BCA, Bianco Carbon (Bianco Oral Care); NAT, Natural Suavetex Carvão Ativado (Suavetex).
Means and standard deviations of color change (L* Luminosity).
Illustrative specimens are drawn in Photoshop based on data from L*a*b*, demonstrating the color changes of specimens during the experiment at baseline and after 7 days.
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