Effects of Different Primers on the Bond Strength to Properly and Excessively Etched Ceramic-coated Zirconia
To determine the effects of various primers on the immediate and long-term bond strength of ceramic-coated ultratranslucent zirconia that is properly or excessively etched. Ceramic-coated zirconia plates were etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 2 or 5 minutes, after which the surface morphology and elemental composition were examined. The etched specimens were treated with different primers including methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-only containing primer, silane-only containing primer, MDP and silane-containing ceramic primer as well as MDP and silane-containing adhesive system. For surface contact angle and shear bond strength (SBS) data, the difference between groups was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and three-way ANOVA factorial analysis, respectively. The statistical significance level of 0.05 was set and the Tukey test and the Dunnett-T3 test were used for post-hoc multiple comparisons. Excessive etching (9.5% HF for 5 minutes) led to overconsumption of the glass layer and exposure of zirconia substrate compared to proper etching (9.5% HF for 2 minutes). Among different primers, the surface contact angle of the silane-only containing primer group was the lowest. The silane-only containing primer and MDP and silane-containing ceramic primer produced higher shear bond strength of properly and excessively etched ceramic-coated zirconia, respectively, both before and after thermal aging. The silane-only containing primer and MDP and silane-containing primer can obtain better immediate and long-term shear bond strength for properly and excessively etched ceramic-coated zirconia, respectively.SUMMARY
Purpose
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Representative SEM images and corresponding EDS maps of ceramic-coated zirconia etched for 2 min (A) and 5 min (B). Scale bar: 10 μm. Abbreviations: C, carbon; O, oxygen; Na, sodium; Al, aluminum; Si, silicon; Zr, zirconium; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; EDS, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.
Representative pictures of surface contact angle of different groups. Different lowercase letters indicate that the data in the same column is statistically different (p<0.05).
Immediate SBS and SBS after aging test of different surface treatments. Abbreviations: SBS, shear bond strength.
Failure mode analysis of different surface treatments.
Representative SEM images and corresponding EDS maps of cohesive failure (A), adhesive failure (B), and mixed failure (C). Abbreviations: EDS, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy; Yb, ytterbium; Si, silicon; Zr, zirconium; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.
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